MySQL CheatSheet

Query

SELECT * FROM table
SELECT * FROM table1, table2, ...
SELECT field1, field2, ... FROM table1, table2, ...
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field HAVING condition2
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 DESC
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition LIMIT 10
SELECT DISTINCT field1 FROM ...
SELECT DISTINCT field1, field2 FROM ...

SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN (t2 JOIN t3 ON ...) ON ...
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(id) WHERE condition

Conditionals

field1 = value1
field1 <> value1
field1 LIKE 'value _ %'
field1 IS NULL
field1 IS NOT NULL
field1 IN (value1, value2)
field1 NOT IN (value1, value2)
condition1 AND condition2
condition1 OR condition2

Data Manipulation

INSERT INTO table1 (field1, field2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...)
INSERT table1 SET field1=value_1, field2=value_2 ...

DELETE FROM table1 / TRUNCATE table1
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE condition
-- join:
DELETE FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition

UPDATE table1 SET field1=new_value1 WHERE condition
-- join:
UPDATE table1, table2 SET field1=new_value1, field2=new_value2, ...
WHERE table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition

Browsing

SHOW DATABASES
SHOW TABLES
SHOW FIELDS FROM table / SHOW COLUMNS FROM table / DESCRIBE table / DESC table / EXPLAIN table
SHOW CREATE TABLE table
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger
SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE '%update%'
SHOW PROCESSLIST
KILL process_number

$ mysqlshow
$ mysqlshow database

Create / delete / select / alter database

CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXIST] mabase [CHARACTER SET charset] [COLLATE collation]
CREATE DATABASE mabase CHARACTER SET utf8
DROP DATABASE mabase
USE mabase

ALTER DATABASE mabase CHARACTER SET utf8

Create/delete/modify table

CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ...)
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., INDEX (field))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2))
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, field2 type2, ...,
  FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA))
    [ON UPDATE|ON DELETE] [CASCADE|SET NULL]
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, fk_field2 type2, ...,
  FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1, fk_field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA, t2_fieldB))
CREATE TABLE table IF NOT EXISTS (...)

CREATE TABLE new_tbl_name LIKE tbl_name
  [SELECT ... FROM tbl_name ...]

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (...)

DROP TABLE table
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table
DROP TABLE table1, table2, ...
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE table

ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 NOT NULL ... 
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 SET DEFAULT ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table DROP field1
ALTER TABLE table ADD INDEX (field);
ALTER TABLE table ADD PRIMARY KEY (field);

-- Change field order:
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field

ALTER TABLE old_name RENAME new_name;

Keys

CREATE TABLE table (..., PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2))
CREATE TABLE table (..., FOREIGN KEY (field1, field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_field1, t2_field2))
ALTER TABLE table ADD PRIMARY KEY (field);

Privileges

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* FROM 'user'@'host'; -- one permission only
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'user'@'host'; -- all permissions

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new_pass')
SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'host' = PASSWORD('new_pass')
SET PASSWORD = OLD_PASSWORD('new_pass')

DROP USER 'user'@'host'

Main data types

TINYINT (1o: -127+128) SMALLINT (2o: +-65 000)
  MEDIUMINT (3o: +-16 000 000) INT (4o: +- 2 000 000 000)
  BIGINT (8o: +-9.10^18)
  Precise interval: -(2^(8*N-1)) -> (2^8*N)-1
  /!\ INT(2) = "2 digits displayed" -- NOT "number with 2 digits max"

INT NOT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY -- auto-counter for PK

FLOAT(M,D) DOUBLE(M,D) FLOAT(D=0->53) 
  /!\ 8,3 -> 12345,678 -- NOT 12345678,123!

TIME (HH:MM) YEAR (AAAA) DATE (AAAA-MM-JJ) DATETIME (AAAA-MM-JJ HH:MM; années 1000->9999)
  TIMESTAMP (like DATETIME, but 1970->2038, compatible with Unix)

VARCHAR (single-line; explicit size)  TEXT (multi-lines; max size=65535)  BLOB (binary; max size=65535)
  Variants for TEXT&BLOB: TINY (max=255) MEDIUM (max=~16000) LONG (max=4Go)
 Ex: VARCHAR(32), TINYTEXT, LONGBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT

ENUM ('value1', 'value2', ...) -- (default NULL, or '' if NOT NULL)

Forgot root password?

$ /etc/init.d/mysql stop
$ mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
$ mysql # on another terminal
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('nouveau') WHERE user='root';
## Kill mysqld_safe from the terminal, using Control + \
$ /etc/init.d/mysql start

Repair tables after unclean shutdown

mysqlcheck --all-databases
mysqlcheck --all-databases --fast